Although hepatitis is more widespread in developing countries, cases do occur in Australia. It is also a health risk for those travelling overseas.

Cause

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by infection with various viruses. These are hepatitis A (infectious hepatitis), hepatitis B (serum hepatitis) and non-A non-B hepatitis.

Investigations

The diagnosis of hepatitis can be confirmed with blood tests.

Treatment

If your child’s symptoms are severe he may need to be admitted to hospital for nursing care. A child with hepatitis A usually improves after 2 weeks, while hepatitis B can be a prolonged illness. There is no cure for hepatitis so treatment is directed to relieving symptoms and includes rest as well as a special diet free of fatty foods.

Prevention

Good hygiene and proper sewerage are critical in the prevention of hepatitis. If you are travelling overseas with your child to areas where there is a high risk of exposure to hepatitis, an injection of human immunoglobulin can be given to help avoid infection with hepatitis A. A specific vaccine is now available against hepatitis B. This involves blood tests and three injections over several months — discuss this with your doctor.

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